Abstract
Tendinopathy is a common clinical problem in many occupational settings, including athletes. It is characterized by pain in the tendon and impaired performance. Chronic tendon pathology is difficult to treat. The intrinsic pathogenetic mechanisms underlying tendinopathy remain unclear, with much debate whether inflammatory or degenerative hypothesis has the prominent role. Overuse and microruptures of tendon fibres may be considered as the initial disease factors. Several molecules are expressed, some of which promote the healing process, while others, including inflammatory cytokines act as disease mediators. In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following treatments of tendinopathy: corticosteroid injections, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (oral and topical), autologous whole blood injections, physiotherapy, eccentric exercise therapy, extracorporeal shock wave therapy, iontophoresis, dermoelectroporation, low-level laser therapy, manipulation, orthoses (bracing), platelet-rich plasma injections, pulsed electromagnetic field treatment, surgery, ultrasound, cryotherapy, heat treatment, sclerosant injection, acupuncture.
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