Abstract
Introduction : The transformations that the world population has been going through as a result of the processes of globalization and urbanization have also changed the dynamics of transmission of many infectious diseases, as well as their epidemiological profiles. In this context, this work proposes a reflection on the evolutionary aspects of emerging viral pathogens and factors that can contribute to reemergence events. Design : This article brings reflections from the authors about the scientific literature, addressing ecological and evolutionary factors that may occur in cases of emergence of viral pathogens according to the experience acquired after the Zika epidemic in Brazil. Results : The evolutionary mechanism by which viral agents evolve and acquire new structural and pathological properties also contributes to the decline in the number of cases in conjunction with preventive measures; and the biological diversity of vectors and possible candidates for intermediate hosts represents a factor that can contribute to the occurrence of epidemic events of reemergence. Implications : Analyzes focusing on the evolutionary aspects of viral agents can contribute to the early recognition of new symptoms, and efforts by health surveillance services on possible candidates for reservoir hosts can contribute to the prevention of reemergence events.
Highlights
The transformations that the world population has been going through as a result of the processes of globalization and urbanization have changed the dynamics of transmission of many infectious diseases, as well as their epidemiological profiles
The zika virus, is a biological entity that belongs to the viral genus flavivirus which currently possesses substantial medical concern due to the last outbreak in the Americas of an acute viral disease known as zika fever which is transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti and has been associated to numerous outbreaks of microcephaly in many countries of South America, mainly in Brazil, being considered a public health problem due to the amplitude of the distribution of the vector.[1]
In Brazil, the fever caused by the zika virus became a disease of compulsory notification since the decree of the ordinance 204 from February 17th of 2017 by the Health Ministry[2], reinforcing the World Health Organization recommendations from 2016 3 Demonstrating national and international concern regarding the new features added to the natural history of the disease, including transmission routes, clinical severity, congenital malformations, autoimmunity, and neurological complications, along with the absence of information about the risk factors, periods of disease, pharmacological treatments options, the ambiguity of the laboratorial tests for the diagnosis, strategies for vaccine development, interactions of the zika virus with other arboviruses and control of the vector
Summary
What to expect from a viral emerging epidemics: the Brazilian experience with the Zika virus. O que esperar de uma epidemia viral emergente: a experiência brasileira com o vírus Zika Qué esperar de una epidemia viral emergente: la experiencia brasileña con el virus Zika. How to cite this article: da Costa ALP, Sousa ACF.
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