Abstract
Abstract The multiple benefits of ‘nature’ for human health and well‐being have been documented at an increasing rate over the past 30 years. A growing body of research also demonstrates the positive well‐being benefits of nature‐connectedness. There is, however, a lack of evidence about how people's subjective nature experience relates to deliberately designed and managed urban green infrastructure (GI) with definable ‘objective’ characteristics such as vegetation type, structure and density. Our study addresses this gap. Site users (n = 1411) were invited to walk through woodland, shrub and herbaceous planting at three distinctive levels of planting structure at 31 sites throughout England, whilst participating in a self‐guided questionnaire survey assessing reactions to aesthetics, perceived plant and invertebrate biodiversity, restorative effect, nature‐connectedness and socio‐demographic characteristics. There was a significant positive relationship between perceived naturalness and planting structure. Perceived naturalness was also positively related to the perceived plant and invertebrate biodiversity value, participants’ aesthetic appreciation and the self‐reported restorative effect of the planting. A negative relationship was recorded between perceived naturalness and perceived tidiness and care. Our findings showed that participants perceived ‘naturalness’ as biodiverse, attractive and restorative, but not necessarily tidy. Perceived naturalness was also related to participants’ educational qualifications, gender and nature‐connectedness, with women and more nature‐connected participants perceiving significantly greater levels of naturalness in the planting. These findings are highly significant for policymakers and built environment professionals throughout the world aiming to design, manage and fund urban GI to achieve positive human health and biodiversity outcomes. This applies particularly under austerity approaches to managing urban green spaces where local authorities have experienced cuts in funding and must prioritise and justify GI maintenance practices and regimes. A plain language summary is available for this article.
Highlights
The multiple benefits of ‘nature’ for human health and well‐ being have been documented at an increasing rate over the past 30 years, with a growing body of research (Lumber, Richardson, & Sheffield, 2017; Richardson, Hallam, & Lumber, 2015) evidencing the positive well‐being benefits of nature‐con‐ nectedness
In urban areas direct experience of nature and its associated benefits are usually afforded by access to urban green infrastructure (GI), networks of interconnected, often multifunctional green spaces including parks, gardens and incidental green spaces
In con‐ trast, Fischer et al (2018) found that significant differences in preference ratings were found between the most biodiverse park, wasteland and streetscape green space types and those of me‐ dium biodiversity, but that differences in preference between me‐ dium and low biodiversity scenes did not reach significance
Summary
The multiple benefits of ‘nature’ for human health and well‐ being have been documented at an increasing rate over the past 30 years (for reviews see Clark et al, 2014; Hartig, Mitchell, de Vries, & Frumkin, 2014), with a growing body of research (Lumber, Richardson, & Sheffield, 2017; Richardson, Hallam, & Lumber, 2015) evidencing the positive well‐being benefits of nature‐con‐ nectedness. If urban GI is to be designed, managed and funded optimally to achieve positive human health and biodiver‐ sity outcomes, we need to understand how the subjective nature experience of people with different socio‐demographic character‐ istics relates to the deliberately planned, designed and managed urban GI with its clearly definable ‘objective’ characteristics such as vegetation type, structure, density and aesthetics. This rela‐ tionship is the focus of our study
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
