Abstract
Wetland ecosystems represent about 20% of South America, and are classified according to the flood regime, which also influences on vegetation. Despite the value of ecosystem services provided by this environment, those areas are close to eradication in several parts of Brazil. These environments are extremely fragile. Flooded areas are subject to nitrogen losses (N) by leaching, becoming dependent on the N increases from biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). However, little is known about this process on wetlands. Understanding the adaptative strategies of these microorganisms and plants is essential for the maintenance and preservation of these ecosystems. The objective of this work is to present a literature review discussing aspects of floristic composition, biological nitrogen fixation, and morphophysiological adaptations that occur in the rhizobium-leguminous system in wetlands. For the bibliographic survey, articles and other academic works relevant to the topic were selected, in order to enrich the proposed discussion.
Highlights
Wetland ecosystems involve all forms of flooded soils with vegetation, such as swamps, marshes, and mangroves (Mitsch & Gosselink, 2000)
Flooded areas are subject to nitrogen losses (N) by leaching, becoming dependent on the N increases from biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), where the rhizobium-leguminous association is the main contributor (Loureiro et al, 1998)
The objective of this work is to present a literature review discussing aspects of floristic composition, biological nitrogen fixation, and morphophysiological adaptations that occur in the rhizobium-leguminous system in wetlands
Summary
Wetland ecosystems involve all forms of flooded soils with vegetation, such as swamps, marshes, and mangroves (Mitsch & Gosselink, 2000). The vegetation that occurs in these places can be classified, according to the flood regime, in alluvial and swamp forests (Silva et al, 2007), according to them, little is known about the species distribution patterns in flooded ecosystems, Marques et al (2003), point out that, as they present a more selective, homogeneous and stable environment, swamp forests tend to have fewer species Despite their great importance as regulators of erosion processes, stabilization of margins, and promotion of nutrient cycling, the areas subject to flooding (permanent or temporary) are close to eradication in several parts of Brazil. Legumes are, mainly, sensitive to flooding, producing additional mechanisms to increase the oxygen supply, making it possible to maintain the BNF process
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