Abstract
Soft tissue cysts of the head and neck region usually manifest as slowly enlarging, well defined painless swellings, which may be accompanied by symptoms due to the increasing displacement of surrounding tissues or superinfection. They are often associated with soft tissue fistulas. Diagnosis should always be preceded by thorough evaluation of the medical history, since some cysts (e.g. lateral/medial neck cysts) develop in early childhood, whereas others can be trauma associated with a very short history (e.g., submucous cysts). Clinical examination can be supplemented by ultrasound. In unclear cases or for better therapeutic planning, three-dimensional imaging may be helpful. Treatment of choice is complete extirpation of the cyst; histopathological work-up to confirm the diagnosis and exclude other differential diagnoses is mandatory. Due to the increased risk of recurrence and incomplete histological examination, cystostomy and sclerotherapy should currently be viewed as a therapeutic alternative reserved for exceptional cases only.
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