Weediness and yield of winter wheat depending on the basic elements of farming system

V G Kutilkin,S N Shevchenko,S.N Zudilin

doi:10.1051/bioconf/20201700144

Abstract

Through the period of 1977–2018, studies were conducted on three experimental fields of the Samara State Agricultural Academy with the purpose of studying the influence of the basic elements of the farming system on the weediness and the yield of winter wheat. Experimental schemes included the following options: the type of fallow in the crop rotation (black, seeded and green-manured), fertilizer systems (organic-mineral recommended, organic-mineral intensive and organic) and various methods and depths of soil tillage of fallow lands. Observations and surveys were carried out according to generally accepted methods. The soil of the plots was ordinary chernozem and typical medium-thick loamy chernozem (humus content was from 6.0 to 8.3 %, mobile phosphorus was from 90 to 155 mg/kg, exchange potassium was from 129 to 190 mg/kg, pHsalt was from 6.3 to 6.8). Replacing black fallow with seeded or green-manured fallow increased the weediness of crops 1.4–1.6 times and reduces the yield of winter wheat by 0.29–1.03 t/ha. Organic fertilizer systems significantly changed the weed species compositions and contributed to an increase in the number of perennials by a factor of 3.0, and their masses by a factor of 1.3–1.4 in comparison with organic-mineral fertilizer system. Organic-mineral fertilizer systems did not have a significant effect on the yield of winter wheat. The organic fertilizer system led to a slight (0.26–0.31 t/ha) grain shortage compared with organic-mineral. The methods and depths of soil tillage did not have a practically significant effect on the weediness and yield of winter wheat.

Highlights

The Middle Volga region is the largest region for the production of commercial winter wheat grain [1]
What is important for winter wheat is the phytosanitary situation, created by such factors as forecrop [2], fertilizer systems and soil tillage
The aim of our research is to study the influence of the basic elements of farming systems on the weediness and the yield of winter wheat

Summary

Introduction

The Middle Volga region is the largest region for the production of commercial winter wheat grain [1].What is important for winter wheat is the phytosanitary situation, created by such factors as forecrop [2], fertilizer systems and soil tillage.There are more than 100 weed species present in the region, but only 25–50 of them are the most harmful and massive.They are dangerous because of their diversity, and for their high amplification ability, which inhibits agricultural crops of agrophytocenosis and leads to a decrease in the yield class and quantity. The Middle Volga region is the largest region for the production of commercial winter wheat grain [1]. What is important for winter wheat is the phytosanitary situation, created by such factors as forecrop [2], fertilizer systems and soil tillage. There are more than 100 weed species present in the region, but only 25–50 of them are the most harmful and massive. They are dangerous because of their diversity, and for their high amplification ability, which inhibits agricultural crops of agrophytocenosis and leads to a decrease in the yield class and quantity. In Russia alone, about 17 % of the grain yield is lost annually due to the weediness of crops. When crops are heavily infested with weeds, yield losses can reach up to 30-40% or more [3]

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Results