Weed Management in White Beans with Soil-Applied Grass Herbicides plus Halosulfuron

Nader Soltani,Christy Shropshire,Peter H Sikkema

doi:10.4236/ajps.2020.1112141

Abstract

There are a limited number of soil-applied herbicides available for broad-spectrum weed control in dry bean production in Ontario, Canada. Four experiments were conducted from 2017 to 2019 in southwestern Ontario to compare the efficacy of six soil-applied grass herbicides [trifluralin (600 g ai ha-1), ethalfluralin (810 g ai ha-1), pendimethalin (1080 g ai ha-1), S-metolachlor (1050 g ai ha-1), dimethenamid-p (544 g ai ha-1) and EPTC (3400 g ai ha-1)] and halosulfuron (35 g ai ha-1) applied alone and in combination, applied preplant incorporated (PPI), on white bean tolerance and yield, and weed control efficacy. There was no white bean injury from the herbicide treatments evaluated. Grass herbicides (trifluralin, ethalfluralin, pendimethalin, S-metolachlor dimethenamid-P and EPTC) controlled velvetleaf 0% - 82%, pigweeds 87% - 99%, common ragweed 0% - 93%, common lambsquarters 81% - 99%, wild mustard 0% - 71%, barnyardgrass 98% - 100% and green foxtail 98% - 99%. Halosulfuron controlled velvetleaf 98%, pigweeds 94%, common ragweed 90% - 94%, common lambsquarters 97%, wild mustard 98% - 100%, barnyardgrass 19% - 24% and green foxtail 20% - 25%. Tankmixes of halosulfuron with soil-applied grass herbicides provided ≥93% control of the weed species evaluated. Reduction in density and biomass generally followed the same trend as visible control with herbicide treatments evaluated. Weed interference reduced white bean seed yield 70%. Seed yield was 53% - 66% of the weed-free control with trifluralin, ethalfluralin, pendimethalin, S-metolachlor and dimethenamid-P, 81% of the weed-free control with EPTC, 58% of the weed-free control with halosulfuron, and 87% - 95% of the weed-free control with halosulfuron tankmixes with the grass herbicides evaluated. Based on these results, halosulfuron in combination with trifluralin, ethalfluralin, pendimethalin, S-metolachlor, dimethenamid-p and EPTC, applied PPI at rates evaluated, can be used to effectively control common annual grass and broadleaf weeds in white beans.

Highlights

Dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important field crop grown in southwestern Ontario that fits well in a typical Ontario crop rotation of corn, soybean and wheat
Four experiments were conducted from 2017 to 2019 in southwestern Ontario to compare the efficacy of six soil-applied grass herbicides [trifluralin (600 g ai ha−1), ethalfluralin (810 g ai ha−1), pendimethalin (1080 g ai ha−1), S-metolachlor (1050 g ai ha−1), dimethenamid-p (544 g ai ha−1) and EPTC (3400 g ai ha−1)] and halosulfuron (35 g ai ha−1) applied alone and in combination, applied preplant incorporated (PPI), on white bean tolerance and yield, and weed control efficacy
The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of six soil-applied grass herbicides [trifluralin (600 g ai ha−1), ethalfluralin (810 g ai ha−1), pendimethalin (1080 g ai ha−1), S-metolachlor (1050 g ai ha−1), dimethenamid-P (544 g ai ha−1) and EPTC (3400 g ai ha−1)] and halosulfuron (35 g ai ha−1) applied alone and in combination, applied PPI, on white bean tolerance and yield, and weed control efficacy

Summary

Introduction

Dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important field crop grown in southwestern Ontario that fits well in a typical Ontario crop rotation of corn, soybean and wheat. Weeds can interfere with dry bean growth and development and cause substantial losses in seed yield and quality if not adequately controlled [2] [3] [4]. White navy bean is the most commonly grown market class of dry beans in Ontario. A limited number of soil-applied herbicides are available for weed control in white bean production in Ontario. Only two soil-applied herbicides are available for broadleaf weed control in white bean production in Ontario, imazethapyr and halosulfuron [5]. Imazethapyr is a very efficacious soil-applied broadleaf herbicide, it has a narrow margin of crop safety, especially in the small-seeded market classes of beans, white and black beans. New research is needed to identify new soil-applied herbicides/tankmixes for efficacious broad-spectrum weed control in white beans

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