Abstract
Six field trials were conducted over a four-year (2017-2020) period near Exeter and Ridgetown, Ontario to determine the efficacy of halosulfuron tankmixes applied postemergence to control broadleaf weeds in white bean. Halosulfuron caused up to 4% injury in white bean at 2 and 4 weeks after treatment (WAT). Bentazon, acifluorfen, fomesafen, bentazon/acifluorfen, and bentazon + fomesafen caused 2% - 16% injury at 2 WAT and up to 3% injury at 4 WAT in white bean. The addition of halosulfuron to the aforementioned herbicides did not accentuate white bean injury. Reduced weed interference with the herbicides evaluated increased white been yield 50% - 90% compared to the weedy control; there was no difference in seed yield among herbicide treatments evaluated. At 4 WAT, halosulfuron at 25, 37.5 and 50 g ai ha-1 controlled velvetleaf 86%, 93% and 97%; redroot pigweed 83%, 85% and 89%; common ragweed 90%, 93% and 94%; common lambsquarters 27%, 28% and 36%; flower-of-an-hour 66%, 76% and 69%; and wild mustard 100%, 100% and 100%, respectively. Bentazon, acifluorfen, fomesafen, bentazon/acifluorfen, and bentazon + fomesafen controlled velvetleaf 73%, 14%, 52%, 42% and 68%; redroot pigweed 40%, 91%, 85%, 75% and 80%; common ragweed 36%, 81%, 92%, 68% and 84%; common lambsquarters 87%, 39%, 48%, 60% and 76%; flower-of-an-hour 90%, 66%, 63%, 73% and 83%; and wild mustard 97%, 97%, 100%, 99% and 100%, respectively. Halosulfuron tankmixed with bentazon, acifluorfen, fomesafen, bentazon/acifluorfen or bentazon + fomesafen controlled velvetleaf 90%, 51%, 68%, 75% and 90%; redroot pigweed 80%, 99%, 95%, 92% and 91%; common ragweed up to 94%, 97%, 93%, 94% and 95%; common lambsquarters 74%, 62%, 43%, 62% and 66%; flower-of-an-hour 92%, 78%, 74%, 82% and 87%; and wild mustard 100%, 100%, 100%, 100% and 100%, respectively. Weed density and dry biomass followed the same trend. This study concludes that the optimal halosulfuron tankmix is broadleaf weed species specific for weed management in dry bean production.
Highlights
White bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a small-seeded market class of dry bean that is native to the Americas, where it was first domesticated [1]
Reduced weed interference with the herbicides evaluated increased white been yield 50% - 90% compared to the weedy control; there was no difference in seed yield among herbicide treatments evaluated
Reduced weed interference with the herbicides evaluated increased white been yield 50% - 90% compared to the weedy control, but white bean yield was still less than the weed-free control by 21% - 39%
Summary
White (navy) bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a small-seeded market class of dry bean that is native to the Americas, where it was first domesticated [1]. White bean is a relatively small plant and produces seeds that are oval and flattened in shape and are smaller in size than the seed of many other market classes of dry bean [1]. White bean is the most commonly grown market class of dry bean in Ontario and represents nearly 50% of the dry bean produced in the province [1]. White bean producers have a limited number of herbicides, especially postemergence (POST) herbicides for broadleaf weed control in white bean [8]. Research is needed to identify the optimal herbicide options applied postemergence for broadleaf weed control in white bean [8]
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