Abstract
Background: Garlic cultivation is characterized by low capacity of competition with weed, mainly due to the characteristics of the canopy and it´s slow initial growth that make it difficult to cover the soil. Objective: This work aimed to evaluate the efficiency and selectivity of herbicides applied in the pre-emergence of two garlic cultivars in the edaphoclimatic condition of Santa Catarina State. Methods: Two experiments were carried out in the commercial garlic area with Ito and Chonan cultivars. Both experiments were conducted in randomized block design. The traits for Ito cultivar were without weed control, with weed control, with linuron (810 g ha-1), diuron (1,000 g ha-1), pendimethalin (1600 g ha-1), S-metolachlor (1200 g ha-1), oxyfluorfen (720 g ha-1) or flumioxazin (40 g ha-1). For the experiment with Chonan cultivar the treatment composed by oxadiazon (1000 g ha-1) was included. The analyzed variables were based on weed community control and phytotoxicity, stand, diameter of bulbs and productivity of garlic. Results: The infesting species of the experiment with the cultivar Ito were Stellaria media and Stachys arvensis, whereas for Chonan, only the first was found. The herbicides applied in pre-emergence were efficient in controlling these species until 45 days after application - DAA. The highest injuries at 45 DAA were caused by S-metolachlor, with 33% for Ito cultivar and 10% for Chonan. The best herbicides, taking into account weed control and productivity, were pendimethalin and S-metolachlor, for the Ito cultivar, and pendimethalin, oxyfluorfen, and flumioxazin for the Chonan cultivar. Conclusions: The pendimethalin stood out for presenting excellent weed control and being selective for both garlic cultivars.
Highlights
In the 2018/19 harvest, Brazil produced 135,517 tons of garlic, on 11,216 hectares of land with an average yield of 12.08 t ha-1 (Anapa, 2018)
The weed species that infested the experiment with the Ito cultivar were chickweed (Stellaria media, Caryophyllaceae) and staggerweed
It presents fast growth, taking advantage of the high fertility of the soils prepared for the cultivation of garlic. It spreads through seeds and spreads due to the rooting of the branches, being very difficult to be controlled with the application of herbicides in advanced stages of development (Lucini, 2009)
Summary
In the 2018/19 harvest, Brazil produced 135,517 tons of garlic, on 11,216 hectares of land with an average yield of 12.08 t ha-1 (Anapa, 2018). In 2018, the states of Minas Gerais and Goiás stood out in national production with about 37% and 26% of the total produced, respectively, followed by Santa Catarina with a 14% share of national production (Conab, 2020). Objective: This work aimed to evaluate the efficiency and selectivity of herbicides applied in the pre-emergence of two garlic cultivars in the edaphoclimatic condition of Santa Catarina State. Methods: Two experiments were carried out in the commercial garlic area with Ito and Chonan cultivars. The herbicides applied in pre-emergence were efficient in controlling these species until 45 days after application - DAA. The best herbicides, taking into account weed control and productivity, were pendimethalin and S-metolachlor, for the Ito cultivar, and pendimethalin, oxyfluorfen, and flumioxazin for the Chonan cultivar. Conclusions: The pendimethalin stood out for presenting excellent weed control and being selective for both garlic cultivars
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