Abstract
Spills of non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPL) are present at most urban areas. Once the NAPL enters the subsurface, a complex pattern of transport processes starts. Among them is retention by the porous medium. Therefore, a certain amount of the NAPL is entrapped as a residual phase within the soil system. Whenever residual NAPL is entrapped within the porous medium, interphase mass transfer takes place between the NAPL and the other phases present in the system. For a saturated system, the rate of interphase mass transfer is a function of the aqueous phase velocity, the fluid saturations for the aqueous and non-aqueous phase, and characteristics of the porous medium. The interphase mass transfer can be described by several dimensionless numbers. Within the description, use is made of the constituents measured within the NAPL phase. The description is incorporated within the well known numerical model of RT3D. With the numerical model the risks related with the impact of an actual spill at an industrial site is investigated based upon fate and behaviour of the constituents in the subsoil.
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