Abstract
Publisher Summary This chapter investigates the effect of the human-caused impact on changes in the absorbing capacity of rocks in deep, acidic liquid radioactive waste (LRW) repositories. Acidic radioactive waste is injected into the underground repository in batches. The process of acidic-waste injection is conducted in three phases. Disposal of acidic LRW into deep underground repositories leads to the formation of a nonequilibrium, geochemical system. Complex physicochemical interactions directed towards attaining a state of equilibrium developed within the system. This effect could explain the continuous increase in radionuclide sorption with the increased interaction time of waste with the rock under hydrothermal conditions. Experiments demonstrated the possibility of creating two barrier types. The first is associated with the formation of solid phase iron and chromium hydrous-oxide compounds; amorphous silica and the transformation products thereof form the second. Formation of both ensures the reliable localization of various radionuclides, including the most environmentally hazardous actinides.
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