Abstract
Continuous respiratory monitoring is extensively important in clinical applications. To effectively assess respiration rate (RR), tidal volume (TV), and minute ventilation (MV), we propose and experimentally demonstrate a respiration monitoring system using an in-line few-mode fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer (FMF-MZI), which is the first to introduce in-line MZI into an optimal wearable design for respiration rate and volume monitoring. The optimal linear region of the proposed sensor is analyzed and positioned by a flexible arch structure with curvature sensitivity up to 8.53 dB/m-1. Respiration monitoring results are in good agreement with a standard spirometer among different individuals. The difference in TV estimation is ± 0.2 L, and the overall error of MV estimation is less than 5%.
Highlights
Obstructive sleep apnea is a common and potentially lethal sleep disorder affecting at least 4% of adult males and 2% of adult females worldwide [1]
We propose an optical respiration monitoring method based on an few-mode fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer (FMF-MZI) sensor, which is capable of monitoring the significant respiratory parameters, respiration rate (RR), Tidal volume (TV), and Minute ventilation (MV) through a wearable design
The linear working reign is positioned by an arch structure, which is wearable on human abdomen for long-term continuous monitoring
Summary
Obstructive sleep apnea is a common and potentially lethal sleep disorder affecting at least 4% of adult males and 2% of adult females worldwide [1]. Current methods for RR and TV monitoring usually involve specialized devices, including spirometry, impedance pneumography, inductance plethysmography and photo-plethysmography [15] These methods are designed only in hospital tests, and difficult to translate to everyday use due to their high costs, needs for skilled operators, or limited mobility. Elsarnagawy developed a system for simultaneously heartbeat and respiration rate monitoring using fiber Bragg grating (FBG) [20] These wavelength-based methods often cause high costs. Di et al used a fiber-optic deformation sensor for respiration monitoring with a light leakage zone to increase the sensitivity [23] These sensors exhibit unique and useful properties for RR measurement; they may not be suitable for clinical evaluation as they are not able to acquire instantaneous information and actual gas volume exchange.
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