Abstract
Recent advances in the design and implementation of wearable resistive, capacitive, and optical strain sensors are summarized herein. Wearable and stretchable strain sensors have received extensive research interest due to their applications in personalized healthcare, human motion detection, human–machine interfaces, soft robotics, and beyond. The disconnection of overlapped nanomaterials, reversible opening/closing of microcracks in sensing films, and alteration of the tunneling resistance have been successfully adopted to develop high‐performance resistive‐type sensors. On the other hand, the sensing behavior of capacitive‐type and optical strain sensors is largely governed by their geometrical changes under stretching/releasing cycles. The sensor design parameters, including stretchability, sensitivity, linearity, hysteresis, and dynamic durability, are comprehensively discussed. Finally, the promising applications of wearable strain sensors are highlighted in detail. Although considerable progress has been made so far, wearable strain sensors are still in their prototype stage, and several challenges in the manufacturing of integrated and multifunctional strain sensors should be yet tackled.
Highlights
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Highly stretchable strain sensors have been fabricated based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/deionized water (DI) solution filled in Ecoflex channels via a simple template method.[65]
The recent technological advances in the development of stretchable and wearable strain sensors were summarized in this Review
Summary
Capacitive, piezoelectric, triboelectric, and optical strain sensors are the most explored stretchable strain sensors. Piezoelectric and triboelectric strain sensors usually operate under high frequencies and cannot capture the static strain because of the fast charge transfer.[27] their practical use in multiscale and wearable strain sensing is still questionable. Resistive- and capacitive-type strain sensors have been extensively studied in recent years for wearable and skin-mountable strain sensing applications given their relatively simple readout, high stretchability, acceptable dynamic performance, and facile fabrication process (Figure 1).[1,11,37] Recently, soft and stretchable optical strain sensors have received considerable interest in wearable and soft robotic applications because of their merits, such as resistance to environmental factors (e.g., temperature and humidity) and minimized sensitivity to electromagnetic interference (Figure 1).[28,38,39] In view of the above statements, this Review only emphasizes resistive, capacitive, and optical strain sensors
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