Abstract
The dependence of the sliding mode (repeated vs. non-repeated reciprocated sliding) on the friction and wear behavior of ball-on-flat, brittle non-metallic interfaces in ambient air conditions is evaluated. Repeated sliding promotes the formation of a third body (compressed wear particles) that stabilizes the friction. Non-repeated sliding shows reduced evidence of third body formation, and instead a steady increase in friction. The proposed mechanism driving the non-repeated friction behavior is attributed to a gradual reduction in the ball surface roughness, leading to an increased area of real contact and greater capillary bridge forming across non-contact regions of the interface.
Highlights
Friction and wear are of paramount importance to the performance and lifetime of applications with high economic and societal impact such as engines, wheels and industrial production machines [1]
It should be noted that this behavior was not observed in all experiments; in a few cases we observed run-in behavior followed by a stable friction force, see Fig. S2
It has been demonstrated that the sliding mode is a very important parameter: Identical systems were shown to give widely varying friction and wear behavior depending on whether the sliding is repeated or non-repeated; for sapphire-on-Si wafer contacts the sapphire wear changed by a factor 6 and the friction force varied by a factor 2
Summary
Friction and wear are of paramount importance to the performance and lifetime of applications with high economic and societal impact such as engines, wheels and industrial production machines [1]. Estimates show that tribological contacts consume 23% of the world energy budget: 20% is spent on overcoming friction and 3% on repairing or substituting components that have worn as a result of friction [2] These staggering numbers and the applications that they represent have motivated numerous experiments that aim to understand, manipulate and reduce friction and wear under industrially relevant conditions, mimicking for instance the behavior of combustion engines [3], turbines [4], train wheels [5], robotic grasping [6] and micro- and nano electromechanical systems [7]. We systematically study the friction and wear behavior of various types of nominally dry contacts between brittle non-metallic materials sliding in repeated or non-repeated fashion
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