Abstract
This article describes the dynamic processes within the gun barrel during the firing process in exploitation. It generally defines the basic principles of constructing tube elements, and shows the distortion of the basic geometry of the tube interior due to wear as well as the impact it causes during exploitation. The article also defines basic empirical models as well as a model based on fracture mechanics for the calculation of a use-life of the barrel, and other elements essential for the safe use of the barrel as the basic weapon element. Erosion causes are analyzed in order to control and reduce wear and prolong the lifetime of the gun barrel. It gives directions for the reparation of barrels with wasted resources. In conclusion, the most influential elements of tube wear are given as well as possible modifications of existing systems, primarily propellant charges, with a purpose of prolonging lifetime of gun barrels. The guidelines for a proper determination of the lifetime based on the barrel condition assessment are given as well.
Highlights
The barrel as the basic element of each weapon is described as well as the processes occurring during the firing that have impulsive character and are accompanied by large amounts of energy
This article describes the dynamic processes within the gun barrel during the firing process
It generally defines the basic principles of constructing tube elements
Summary
Svaka cev oruđa izrađena je od kvalitetnih materijala sa potrebnom rezervom čvrstoće, koja obezbeđuje sve konstruktivne zahteve u skladu sa Pravilnikom o kvalitetu proizvoda (PKP) u procesu opaljenja. Erozija cevi prikazana na slici 3 (Progress in Astronautics an Aeronautics, 1984) može se definisati kao progresivno oštećenje površine cevi i proširenje kalibra usled normalne eksploatacije, koja bitno utiče na pad početne brzine projektila, tačnost i efektivnost oruđa. U istraživanjima habanja cevi pojavilo se više teorija koje objašnjavaju habanje cevi kao toplotno, mehaničko i hemijsko dejstvo barutnih gasova i projektila na unutrašnje površine cevi. Posle nekoliko stotina opaljenja (slika 3c i 3d) na početku ožlebljenja jasno se uočava mreža kratkih i plitkih pukotina koja se sve više širi sa produženjem gađanja i pokriva celu površinu kanala cevi na dužini 2 do 3 kalibra prema ustima cevi. U prekidima ili zastojima u toku gađanja, površinski sloj se hladi i tačka c'' se premešta u tačku c''' (slika 4c), izazivajući na taj način posle nekog broja opaljenja (ciklusa zagrevanja – hlađenja) pojavu pukotina u tangencijalnom pravcu. Opisani proces habanja cevi je intenzivniji pri većem tempu ili režimu gađanja, npr. kod automatskih topova bez hlađenja, što se objašnjava intenzivnim zagrevanjem i hlađenjem zidova kanala cevi (slika 6)
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