Abstract
ABSTRACT This article critically discusses the secondary displacements of the Tonga–Goba people that occurred after their initial resettlement in the late 1950s. It considers the factors that engendered these displacements; as well as the socio–economic effects of these displacements. These factors include the Zimbabwe Liberation War of the 1970s, the independence of 1980, politico-economic crises of the 2000s and human–wildlife conflicts. These multiple displacements negatively impacted the lives and livelihoods of the affected people. These forms of displacements are regarded as long-term impacts of their initial resettlement of the 1950s.
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