"We Never Retreat": Filibustering Expeditions into Spanish Texas, 1812-1822

Abstract

The term ofilibustero often brings to mind a senator giving a long-winded speech in opposition to a bill, but the term had a different connotation in the nineteenth century - invasion of foreign lands by private military forces. Spanish Texas was a target of such invasions. Generally given short shrift in the studies of American-based filibustering, these expeditions were led by colorful men such as Augustus William Magee, Bernardo GutiUrrez de Lara, John Robinson, and James Long. Previous accounts of their activities are brief, lack the appropriate context to fully understand filibustering, and leave gaps in the historiography. Ed Bradley now offers a thorough recounting of filibustering into Spanish Texas framed through the lens of personal and political motives: why American men participated in them and to what extent the US government was either involved in or tolerated them. oWe Never Retreato makes a major contribution by placing these expeditions within the contexts of the Mexican War of Independence and international relations between the United States and Spain.