Abstract
The Global Evolution of Travel Visa Regimes.
Highlights
SCHOLARS HAVE ARGUED that mobility is one of the key processes of globalization (Urry 2002; Sassen 2000; Elliot and Urry 2010) and is connected to the increase in international travel
This seems to mirror a structural inequality in immigration and travel rights: travel visas are generally required for citizens of countries in the “Global South” who are often perceived by government officials and policy makers in the “Global North” as an immigration risk in terms of their potential to seek asylum seekers or to overstay their visas, or perceived as a security risk in terms of their potential to threaten public life as criminals or terrorists
Drawing on Determinants of International Migration (DEMIG) VISA, which covers global bilateral travel regulations from 1973 to 2013, this paper investigates patterns and trends in international visa regimes
Summary
SCHOLARS HAVE ARGUED that mobility is one of the key processes of globalization (Urry 2002; Sassen 2000; Elliot and Urry 2010) and is connected to the increase in international travel. This explains why these states have generally refused to sign, or to fully implement, agreements for the readmission of third country nationals—an element crucial to the success of the EU’s externalization policies These examples suggest that the degree of bilateral reciprocity in travel visa regulations can provide a unique empirical tool with which to study migration control, international power relations, and inequalities. Citizens of Western Europe and the former Western-European settler colonies of the US, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand have the highest degree of visa-free travel liberties While citizens of the former Soviet Union and formerly communist Eastern European countries used to face high levels of outbound visa restrictiveness, these levels have receded remarkably since the fall of the Berlin Wall and the dissolution of the Soviet Union, in new Eastern European EU member states and in Russia. Most countries that still impose exit restrictions are located in Asia (such as Afghanistan and China, with requirements tracked in the IATA manuals until the mid-2000s), Africa (such as Benin, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Chad, Lebanon, Liberia, and Niger), and Cuba in the Americas (until 2013)
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
