Abstract
For optimal conditions of grapevine development, a relatively uniform distribution of precipitation is needed during all phases of active plant growth. However, often there are dry periods in summer months in areas of unstable moistening. At the present time, in intensive technologies of grape cultivation, foliar treatments with agrochemicals are widely used to increase stress resistance of plants to moisture deficit with the goal to protect and increase cropping capacity and gain optimal conditions of viticultural products. Our research, carried out in the conditions of Crimea, have shown that using of the studied systems of mineral nutrition with micronutrient fertilizers of the Wuxal group in conditions of air and soil drought contributed to an increase in the average bunch weight by 17.4-51.9 g and an cropping capacity of grapes by 9.5-35, 3% (1-1.5 t / ha). It was experimentally proven that test treatments have led to a significant increase (by 4.7-15.5%) in the growth of green matter of bushes and in the structure index of table grape bunch by 19.1-37.8%. Against the background of using the studied systems of nutrition, an increase in the content of sugars and phenolic substances in the must of ‘Saperavi’ grape variety by 8.5% and 70.4%, respectively, was observed in comparison with the control.
Highlights
According to the intergovernmental group of experts, the planet Earth experiences significant warming of the atmosphere and oceans
An increase in average daily air temperature, uneven distribution of precipitation or a long absence of rains leads to a moisture deficit - the air and soil drought
Since viticulture is a highly profitable and intensive branch of the Crimean agroindustrial complex, which belongs to the regions of unstable moistening, the purpose of this work was to study the effect of various grapevine nutrition systems on the productivity and quality parameters of grapes against the background of moisture deficit
Summary
According to the intergovernmental group of experts, the planet Earth experiences significant warming of the atmosphere and oceans. An increase in average daily air temperature, uneven distribution of precipitation or a long absence of rains leads to a moisture deficit - the air and soil drought. The effect of drought causes significant changes in the hormonal system of plants: the content of growthactivating hormones - auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, phenolic growth stimulators decreases, and the level of abscisic acid and ethylene increases [3, 4]. Like other stressors, can limit sugar absorption and starch accumulation in the growing pollen grains, impeding the process of fertilization and fruit setting, even though leading to the loss of entire inflorescences [5, 7]. The amount of available water affects the rate of sugar accumulation and the size of grape berries, insufficient moistening leads to a decrease in plant productivity and a change in the physicochemical composition of grapes and wine
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