The Assessment of Agrobiological and Disease Resistance Traits of Grapevine Hybrid Populations (Vitis vinifera L. × Muscadinia rotundifolia Michx.) in the Climatic Conditions of Crimea.

Vladimir Volynkin,Vladimir Likhovskoi,Elizaveta Grigoreva,Sofiya Blinova,Valentina Risovannaya,Pavel Ulianich,Vladimir Volkov,Vitalii Volodin,Irina Vasylyk,Aleksandar Beatovic,Ekaterina Lushchay,Dmitry Karzhaev,Elena Potokina,Jakov Alekseev,Svetlana Gorislavets

doi:10.3390/plants10061215

Abstract

The Crimean autochthonous grape varieties are unique by their origin and serve as a valuable source for breeding new cultivars with increased salt and frost resistance, as well as high-quality berries. However, they suffer from fungal pathogens, as the dry and hot summer months contribute to the epiphytotic course of diseases. An increase in the resistance of Crimean grape varieties is currently achieved through interspecific hybridization. In this study, we describe the genetic and agrobiological diversity of three hybrid populations obtained using the Vitis interspecific hybrid ‘Magarach 31-77-10′ as a female parent and Muscadinia rotundifolia × Vitis vinifera BC5 hybrid plants as male parents. The hybrid nature of the populations was assessed using RADseq high-throughput genotyping. We discovered 12,734 SNPs, which were common to all three hybrid populations. We also proved with the SSR markers that the strong powdery and downy mildew resistance of the paternal genotypes is determined by the dominant Run1/Rpv1 locus inherited from M. rotundifolia. As a result, the disease development score (R, %) for both mildew diseases in the female parent ‘Magarach 31-77-10’ was three times higher than in male parents 2000-305-143 and 2000-305-163 over two years of phytopathological assessment. The highest values of yield-contributing traits (average bunch weight ~197 g and 1.3 kg as yield per plant) were detected in the population 4-11 (♀M. No. 31-77-10 × 2000-305-163). Despite the epiphytotic development of PM, the spread of oidium to the vegetative organs of hybrids 4-11 did not exceed 20%. Some hybrid genotypes with high productivity and resistance to pathogens were selected for further assessment as promising candidates for new varieties.

Highlights

The Crimean Peninsula belongs to the northern part of the distribution area of Vitis vinifera L. subsp. sylvestris (Gmel.) Hegi, which is considered the wild forest ancestor of cultivated grapes
The aim of our study was the assessment of the agrobiological and disease resistance traits of hybrid populations of grapevine, which presumably carry the introgressions of the species M. rotundifolia, in ecological conditions of the Crimea, as a specific area of viticulture
Pedigree of Grapevine Hybrid Populations with Introgressions from M. rotundifolia Developed in the Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking ‘Magarach’ (Crimea)

Summary

Introduction

The Crimean Peninsula belongs to the northern part of the distribution area of Vitis vinifera L. subsp. sylvestris (Gmel.) Hegi, which is considered the wild forest ancestor of cultivated grapes. Sylvestris (Gmel.) Hegi, which is considered the wild forest ancestor of cultivated grapes. Viticulture on the Crimean Peninsula has a long and ancient history; there is a hypothesis that the wild grape, preserved here from the Tertiary period, was collected for food by local tribes (Taurians) and bred for cultivation [1]. A recent ampelographic study of 80 local Crimean grapevine varieties from the collection of the Institute of Vine and Wine Magarach in Yalta (Crimea) reported that about 45% of local Crimean varieties belong to the Eastern European eco-geographical group Sativa convar orientalis Negr.), 38% to the eco-geographical group of the Black Sea Basin Sativa convar pontica Negr.), and 17% to the Western European group

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