Abstract
Fire effluents, in most cases, have an adverse effect on human health and the environment. Exposure to some compounds may show both acute and chronic toxicity. There is a lack of knowledge on the effect of organic products on the human body in terms of the rate of organic material production in fires and their degree of toxicity. Thus, there is a need to expand the scope of studies about the organic products generated from fires and improve the methods of assessment to be included as part of fire hazard assessment. Different factors can be contributed to this lack of knowledge. For example, the composition of organic products generated from fires changes progressively and rapidly with progression of combustion and in a manner that is dependent on the fire condition. It is difficult to identify individual organic compounds produced during combustion. Another key factor is the lack of suitable instruments for measuring organic products generated from a fire. Also, the lack of procedures that are used to evaluate the lethal concentration limits and the lethal dose for a broad range of organic compounds generated from a fire may be another important factor which can be contributed to this lack of knowledge.
Highlights
IntroductionWhether natural or synthetic, play a crucial role in our life today
Polymeric materials, whether natural or synthetic, play a crucial role in our life today
In situ analysis includes the use of non-dispersive infrared (NDIR), paramagnetism analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) as a direct continuous and semi-continuous analysis for determination of carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), oxygen and a variety of volatile inorganic and organic species
Summary
Whether natural or synthetic, play a crucial role in our life today. They are being used in daily production processes in different sectors such as construction, transport, electrical, electronic equipment, furniture, etc. Polymers have become indispensable materials, whose major disadvantage is their easy ignition and flame spread with many of toxic combustion products. The second are benchscale tests, which are used for the ignitability of fire spread as heat release of samples between 10 g and 250 g and for generating toxic fire effluents under controlled conditions. In fire atmospheres, fire effluents (toxic gases, visible smoke and heat) have a broad role negatively affecting safety of life [3]. Fire statistics show that inhalation of fire effluents in fire is a major cause of both serious injuries and deaths from fire [6]
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