Abstract
Distance protection of transmission lines including advanced flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) de-vices has been a very challenging task. FACTS devices of interest in this paper are static synchronous series compensators (SSSC) and unified power flow controller (UPFC). In this paper, a new algorithm is proposed to detect and classify the fault and identify the fault position in a transmission line with respect to a FACTS device placed in the midpoint of the transmission line. Discrete wavelet transformation and wavelet entropy calculations are used to analyze during fault current and voltage signals of the compensated transmission line. The proposed algorithm is very simple and accurate in fault detection and classification. A variety of fault cases and simulation results are introduced to show the effectiveness of such algorithm.
Highlights
In recent years, it has become more difficult to construct new generation facilities and transmission lines due to energy and environmental problems
The unified power flow controller (UPFC) is a combination of STATCOM and synchronous series compensators (SSSC) which are connected via a common DC link, to allow bidirectional flow of real power between series output terminals of SSSC and the shunt terminals of the STATCOM [2]
The sum of entropies of the coefficients of each of the phase voltages were calculated and the phase with the minimum sum was considered as the faulted phase
Summary
It has become more difficult to construct new generation facilities and transmission lines due to energy and environmental problems. The UPFC is a combination of STATCOM and SSSC which are connected via a common DC link, to allow bidirectional flow of real power between series output terminals of SSSC and the shunt terminals of the STATCOM [2] These two devices are suggested due to some problems encountered in case of lines compensated with conventional compensators such as fixed series capacitor or TCSC. The proposed algorithm is more general it uses voltage and current signals recorded at one end of the line with no need for synchronization and is independent of modes of operation of FACTS devices. In this paper due to the presence of FACTS devices the steady-state and transient components of current and voltage signals are much affected which create problems with fault detection, classification and phase selection.
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