Abstract
Presence of flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) devices can drastically affect the performance of a distance relay in a transmission line. The apparent impedance and corresponding reach of a distance relay can change with different FACTS devices. This paper presents a detailed model of voltage source converter (VSC) based FACTS device like UPFC and its operation as shunt, series and combined shunt-series device at the time of single-line to ground fault. Besides a detailed discussion over principles of distance protection scheme, with and without FACTS devices, also the proposed models of Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) and Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) along with their respective operations are accurately simulated at the time of fault. An apparent impedance calculation procedure for distance relays with installation of STATCOM, SSSC and UPFC are formulated. Also the behaviors of distance relays as connected to a compensated line with these devices are investigated.
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