Abstract
Copper oxide (CuO) allows the generation of lossy mode resonance (LMR) in a wide wavelength range of the optical spectrum, both in the visible and the near-infrared (NIR). For this, it is necessary to use a configuration based on the lateral incidence of light on the edge of a planar waveguide structure. On the other hand, the use of additional coatings of tin oxide (SnO2) and agarose allows an increase in the sensitivity of the sensor, in response to the breathing monitoring. The sensors were characterized, both in intensity and wavelength. In both cases their behavior depends on the position of the LMR in the optical spectrum. Therefore, it is convenient to extract the design rules that allow an optimal behavior of the sensor. In this sense, sensors located in the NIR presented a better behavior in terms of sensitivity and quality of the signal. In addition, the devices were tested in different conditions: repetitive tests at different distances, oral and nasal breathing, and breathing after doing physical exercise.
Highlights
Scientific research in biology, genetics and medicine have focused on improving the quality of life of people through the study, diagnosis and monitoring of physiological variables
This is the typical behavior in lossy mode resonance (LMR) based sensors: the LMR at the NIR region (TE) polarization is located at longer wave lengths because the cutoff wavelength for TE modes is located at longer wavelength than for TM modes
In the specific case presented in this work, copper oxide (CuO) has been used in order to generate the LMRs in a wide spectrum, from the visible to the NIR
Summary
Scientific research in biology, genetics and medicine have focused on improving the quality of life of people through the study, diagnosis and monitoring of physiological variables. One of the variables that arouses the most interest is breathing [1]. It is possible to evaluate the physiological state of the human body by recording some of its characteristic parameters, such as respiratory rate [3]. The respiratory rate is the number of breaths taken in a certain period. This physiological parameter, together with heart rate and blood pressure, are used to estimate the basic health status of patients [4]. Abnormalities in respiratory rate and breathing patterns are predictors of disorders such as cardiac arrest, lung disease (such as pneumonia), and sleep apnea syndrome (SAS), among others [2,3,4,5,6]
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