Abstract
Waveguides fabricated by direct femtosecond-laser inscription were reported in bulk poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Optimization of waveguide structures was conducted and 1×2 beam splitters with equal and proportional splitting ratio were fabricated. Three-dimensional structures of 1×4 beam splitters were also achieved based on 1×2 beam splitters. The largest change of the refractive index between femtosecond laser modified area and unmodified area was estimated to be 1.1×10−3. The minimum insertion loss of the single-mode waveguide measured with the He–Ne laser at the wavelength of 632.8nm was 4.32dB and propagation loss was calculated to be as low as 3.57dB/cm.
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