Abstract
An equation for the average nonlinear growth (damping) rate 〈γk〉 of an electrostatic mode with wave vector k for an ensemble of electrostatically turbulent, unmagnetized plasmas is derived. Strong turbulence alters particle orbits during the course of wave growth and hence brings particles in and out of resonance with the wave. The wave-growth rate in a strongly turbulent plasma, therefore, depends on the initial velocity distribution of particles not only at u = k̂·v = αk/k , the wave speed, but in the vicinity of this speed as well. Two orbital effects are considered: turbulence modification of ensemble average orbits and turbulence-produced orbital dispersion about the average orbits. The first of these leads to a shift in the central u of the resonance. Both contribute to a resonance broadening.
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