Abstract
In recent years, rainfall-induced waterlogging has become a common hazard in the highly urbanized coastal city of Chattogram, Bangladesh, resulting in a high magnitude of property damage and economic loss. Therefore, the primary objective of this research was to prepare a waterlogging inventory map and understand the spatial variations of the risk by means of hazard intensity, exposure, and vulnerability of waterlogging. In this research, the inventory map and factors influencing waterlogging hazards were determined from a participatory survey, and other spatial data, including land elevation, population, and structural data, were collected from secondary sources. The analytical hierarchy process was applied to measure the hazard intensity, and the exposure and vulnerability were estimated by overlaying the spatial data onto the hazard intensity map. A total of 58 locations were identified as waterlogging affected, which covered ~8.42% of the city area. We showed that ~3.03% of the city area was greatly vulnerable to waterlogging in terms of their social, infrastructure, critical facilities, economic, and environmental vulnerabilities. The obtained waterlogging risk index map suggested that ~2.71% of the study area was at very high risk, followed by moderate (~0.15%), low (~3.89%), and very low (~1.67%). The risk analysis presented in this study was a simple method that can be applied to assess the relative risk of waterlogging in different regions, and the results were applicable to the prevention and mitigation of waterlogging for Chattogram City.
Highlights
Urban waterlogging caused by heavy rainfall has become an increasingly prevailing problem for the city dwellers and is creating adverse economic, physical, social, and environmental consequences in major Asian cities such as Tokyo, Beijing, and Dhaka [1].Rapid population growth, unplanned urbanization, and climate extremes are the major triggering factors for making this disaster more frequent in recent years [2,3,4]
Sarkar et al [9] utilized a MIKE hydrological model for Khulna, Bangladesh and showed that both the existing drainage area and capacity are inadequate to mitigate waterlogging risk. Inspired by these previous studies of the dependence of waterlogging on various factors, including meteorological and hydrological, that have advanced the understanding of the waterlogging risk of many cities worldwide, the present study investigated the potential waterlogging risk in Chattogram City, Bangladesh
This study reported that some of the waterlogging points were located in the prime areas of the city, such as Kapasgola and Badurtola, Muradpur junction area, Solokbahar, Probartok moore, Katalgonj, Chattogram Development Authority (CDA) residential area, Firingi Bazar, and Chaktai canal area
Summary
Urban waterlogging caused by heavy rainfall has become an increasingly prevailing problem for the city dwellers and is creating adverse economic, physical, social, and environmental consequences in major Asian cities such as Tokyo, Beijing, and Dhaka [1].Rapid population growth, unplanned urbanization, and climate extremes are the major triggering factors for making this disaster more frequent in recent years [2,3,4]. The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism of Japan showed that 86% of the total economic flood damage in the Tokyo metropolitan area during 1998–2007 was only due to waterlogging [5]. From 2001 to 2018, there was an average of more than 40 million people affected by waterlogging and caused the US more than $10 billion economic losses each year in urban areas of Eastern China [3]. A massive investment in the improvement of waterlogging control infrastructures has been made, it remains a major disaster risk throughout Asian countries, and the case of urban areas in Bangladesh is similar. During the 2009–14 period, waterlogging disasters caused yearly US $31 million in property damages at the household level.
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