Water-induced degradation in lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramics

Abstract

Water-induced degradation in lead zirconate titanate (PZT) piezoelectric ceramics was studied by a comparison experiment. In one treatment, PZT rings were immersed in a 0.01 M NaOH solution for long periods of time; in the other treatment, PZT rings were placed in a 0.01 M NaOH solution and hydrogen was evolved onto their silver electrodes by the electrolysis of water. No degradation occurred to samples immersed in the NaOH solution; but for the samples that were also treated by electrolysis of water, serious degradation occurred as their mechanical quality factor decreased dramatically and their dielectric loss increased considerably. I–V measurement showed that the resistance decreased greatly in the degraded samples, which could be explained by the formation of charge carriers due to the reduction reaction of atomic hydrogen from the electrolysis of water. It was proposed that the reduction reaction of atomic hydrogen at ambient temperature is an important origin for the degradation of piezoelectric ceramic devices.