Abstract
Due to the concern to find an alternative to reduce the colonization (microfouling and macrofouling) or the biocorrosion of surfaces submerged for long periods in water, we evaluated the antifouling activity of a commercial paint added with silver nanoparticles (AgNP's) and copper nanoparticles (CuNP's), beside copper-soybean chelate, by electrolytic synthesis, using them in low concentrations (6.94E − 04 mg Ag g−1 paint, 9.07E − 03 mg Cu g−1 paint, and 1.14E − 02 mg Cu g−1 paint, respectively). The test for paint samples was carried out by JIS Z2801-ISO 22196 for periods of initial time, 6 months, and 12 months, against three bacterial strains of marine origin, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus pumilus, and Bacillus altitudinis. It was possible to demonstrate, according to the standard, that the sample with the greatest antimicrobial activity was the copper-soybean chelate against two of the three strains studied (B. pumilus with R = 2.11 and B. subtilis with R = 2.41), which represents more than 99% of bacterial inhibition. Therefore, we considered a novel option for inhibiting bacterial growth with nanoparticles as antifouling additives.
Highlights
Nanotechnology, being an emerging field where other sciences contribute, generates a large number of new applications based on the novel physicochemical properties acquired by resizing a material to the order of nanometers
We suggest that the possible antifouling activity will be due to the activity that have the nanostructured compounds added to the paint, and this will be determined by performing an evaluation according to the Japanese Industrial Standard JIS Z2801-ISO22196 [26], as this is a quantitative and standardized method, which provides reliable and accurate results that improve surface evaluations; due to its complexity, it is rarely used
It can be indicated that the result obtained from the XRD pattern is as expected, contrasting to what has been reported by different authors for copper nanoparticles synthesized by different methods [41, 42, 46,47,48]
Summary
Nanotechnology, being an emerging field where other sciences contribute, generates a large number of new applications based on the novel physicochemical properties acquired by resizing a material to the order of nanometers. Existing products whose purpose is to prevent the growth and settlement of bacteria, fungi, and algae on ships, the presence of those implies adverse effects for maritime navigation, such as a reduction in speed caused by greater resistance to friction, that leads to an increase in fuel consumption up to 40%. It can provoke high corrosion rates in the ship’s hull, and the generation of toxic waste and the introduction of exotic species in its wake [3]. In the 1950s, tributyltin (TBT), an organometallic compound, began to be used and for approximately two decades was found in a large percentage of ships around the world [5], but which, despite representing economic benefits, demonstrated at low concentrations, a negative impact on marine organisms [6]
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