Abstract

Water vapor is the most significant atmospheric trace constituent vis‐a‐vis climate, atmospheric chemistry, and hydrology. Without water vapor, the most important atmospheric greenhouse gas, the planet's surface temperature would be well below freezing.Water vapor is the prime source of atmospheric hydroxyl radical (OH), which, as an oxidizing agent for many air pollutants, serves as the atmosphere's detergent. The large latent energy associated with water's phase changes significantly affects the vertical stability of the atmosphere, the structure and evolution of storm systems, and the energy balance of the atmosphere.Yet, despite recent advances, some essential aspects of the distribution and variability of atmospheric water vapor are poorly documented, and key areas of uncertainty in our understanding of the climate system and its potential changes hinge on a more complete understanding of the behavior of water vapor.

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