Abstract
Water is a valuable resource that is essential in everyday life, domestically and industrially. As such, it is now considered to be the blue gold of the 21st century. However, increased human demands and usage tend to degrade water quality, which could be devastating to the natural environment and consequently to human health. With the ever-growing human population, the problem of availability of adequate supplies of safe drinking water is worsening. According to UNICEF, 80% of diseases and death among children is caused by unsafe water. Water-borne diseases such as diarrhoea, dysentery, cholera, amoebic infection contribute to nearly 4 million child deaths every year. The use of unsafe drinking water and poor sanitation is part and parcel of the daily existence for more than one billion people world-wide.
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