Water Supply and Demand Status of Areka Town, Southern Ethiopia

Wondimu Elias Worajo

doi:10.7176/jrdm/77-02

Abstract

Water is one of the vital necessity or the need for human being and for all living things. This study was conducted to assess the existing and to forecast the future water supply and demand status of the Areka town, southern Ethiopia. A total of 196 households (HHs) were randomly selected and interviewed by using a questionnaire. To collect the required data, interview and observation were used and written documents were reviewed. Data analyzed by SPSS and Excel spread sheet. The town population was growing rapidly, but water production was low, i.e. only 720m 3 /d. This covers only 51.9% of the total population. Additional water production of 26.49 l/s (2288.7m 3 /d) was required to fill the gap. Available per capita water demand, i.e. 11.48l/c/d was small as compared to WHO basic access standard, i.e. 20 l/c/d. The total revenue water and non-revenue water from the existing water production were 525.18m 3 /d and 194.81m 3 /d, respectively. About 48% of HHs got their primary water from existing water supply lines and the remaining 52% got their primary water from non-connected sources. In order to narrow the supply and demand gap, expansion of water supply services and additional water sources should be provided. Keywords: Water supply, water demand, supply coverage, water production, Areka Town, Ethiopia DOI: 10.7176/JRDM/77-02 Publication date: July 31 st 2021

Highlights

Water is one of the vital necessity or the need for human being and for all living things (Temesgen M., 2018)
Growing populations will further increase the demand for water, with limited cost-effective water supply augmentation options (Dharmaratna D, Harris E, 2010)
The gap between supply and demand is 533.83m3/day. It means within the current water supply coverage of 52%, an additional water source with a total capacity of 533.83m3/day is needed for a served population to be within the WHO water supply basic access

Summary

Introduction

Water is one of the vital necessity or the need for human being and for all living things (Temesgen M., 2018) Many countries in both the developed and developing world face significant problems in maintaining reliable water supplies and this is expected to continue in future years due in part to the impacts of global climate change. The provision of adequate supplies of potable water for use in urban areas in developing countries is crucial for the well-being of the people The demand for such supplies in the developing countries has been increased over time as a result of rising standards of living that occur with economic progress and population increase resulting from natural growth, and rural urban migration and rising per capita income (Rewata J, Sampath R, 2000)

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Conclusion