Abstract
<p>The state of water in the fruit body of the <em>Amanita muscaria </em>mushroom and its composite with “wetting-drying”nanosilica A-300 was studied by low-temperature <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectroscopy. It was found that even in the initial biomaterial, part of the water is in a weakly associated state. After drying, the portion of weakly bound water decreases, but in the medium of CDCl<sub>3</sub>, almost all water becomes weakly boned. This effect is accompanied by a threefold increase (from 3.4 to 10.3 J/g) of the total binding energy of water, which, is probably due to the transition of water from the system of spherical (cylindrical) clusters to a two-dimensional film, uniformly distributed over the surface of the biomaterial. It is suggested that due to the binding by the surface of the silica from the composite, the toxic substances present in the mushroom in the form of complexes with enzymes, will not be desorbed.</p>
Highlights
IntroductionThe fungi Amanita muscaria (red Amanita) are classified as poisonous fungi
The fungi Amanita muscaria are classified as poisonous fungi
Amanita muscaria was used for ritual purposes to push consciousness to the border state [3], which is due to the presence of such psychotropic substances in mushrooms as ibotenic acid and muscimol, isolated from different types of amanitas more than half a century ago [4, 5]
Summary
The fungi Amanita muscaria (red Amanita) are classified as poisonous fungi. Substances bound by enzymes are present in them, such as chlorocroto glycine and 2-hexadien-4,5-oic acid. Both are derivatives of glycine which is capable of inducing an inhibitory effect on the activity of certain enzymes [1, 2]. A detailed analysis of the literature on biologically active substances present in Amanita muscaria is given in [6]. It is used in folk and in traditional medicine for the treatment of such serious diseases as epilepsy, atherosclerosis, varicose veins, etc
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