Abstract
The exploitation of natural resources has grown mainly due to the high rate of population growth that changed over time around the planet. Water is one of the most needed resources essential for survival. Despite all the efforts made to improve water security, an environmental impact related to anthropogenic influence remains of great concern, which is the alteration of surface and groundwater quality. In many regions around the world, there is limited or no access to rural and urban water supply while there is a need to improve sanitation facilities. This work evaluated the spatial distribution of groundwater and surface water quality as well as their changes in wet and dry seasons of the tropical climate in the Atlantic Forest Biome. The study area is under anthropogenic influence, which is in the municipality of Igarassú, Pernambuco State, Brazil. The analysis of the raw water was based on Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater, as referenced in the Brazilian Ministry of Health Consolidation Ordinance that sets standards for drinking water. The temporal analyses indicated a variation on water quality from the wet to the dry seasons, whereas the spatial results revealed deviations from the Brazilian’s Water Supply Standards for some physicochemical parameters. There was an increase in the values of some parameters during the wet season in some hydrological compartments. The anthropized rural area from the Atlantic Forest Biome is affecting the water quality. It is, therefore, necessary to develop environmental policies and put them into practice by implementing engineering projects that guarantee proper treatment for raw water in order to bring the water quality back to a good status in this region.
Highlights
The management of water resources as well as the sustainability of groundwater and surface water systems are topics of great concern [1,2,3]
This study was evaluated through field visits and laboratory analyses, the spatial distribution of groundwater, and surface water quality as well as the changes occurring from the wet to the dry season in the studied area, which aims to identify environmental issues that interfere within the quality season in the studied area, which aims to identify environmental issues that interfere within the of water consumed by rural communities as well as to propose solutions to impacts caused by human quality of water consumed by rural communities as well as to propose solutions to impacts caused action within the framework of water security
The specific studied area was divided in three hydrological compartments (HC) considering the altitude of land that drains the water downslope to the lowest point (HC1, hydrological compartment 2 (HC2), and hydrological compartment 3 (HC3)) and the anthropized rural area from the Atlantic Forest Biome in Brazil
Summary
The management of water resources as well as the sustainability of groundwater and surface water systems are topics of great concern [1,2,3]. In a developing municipality such as Igarassú, there are densely populated areas with insufficient water supply, incomplete or inexistent sanitation, and ineffective environmental planning [28] Under these conditions, water can transmit waterborne diseases and degrade environmental quality [28,29,30]. This study was evaluated through field visits and laboratory analyses, the spatial distribution of groundwater, and surface water quality as well as the changes occurring from the wet to the dry season in the studied area, which aims to identify environmental issues that interfere within the quality season in the studied area, which aims to identify environmental issues that interfere within the of water consumed by rural communities as well as to propose solutions to impacts caused by human quality of water consumed by rural communities as well as to propose solutions to impacts caused action within the framework of water security.
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