Abstract
One of the main issues in the present and upcoming decades is the improvement of natural resource use efficiencies. The industrial use of water is preferred as a target for the implementation of sustainable models of water management with the purpose of reducing the use of this resource and generates less waste. This study aims the application of the Water Source Diagram (WSD) method in paper industry, typology associated to high wastewater generation, as a potential strategy to achieve sustainable industrial processes through wastewater reuse. Operational data from paper industry were provided by previous works. Two scenarios of freshwater consumption were generated to model the system. Both cases showed that the freshwater consumption may be reduced over 30.22%, in relation to the baseline of no reuse. The efficiency of the WSD was also compared to other results reported in the literature. Although economic evaluation has not been addressed in this work, the method could be considered as a strategic tool for decision making.
Highlights
The 2030 Agenda consists of a Declaration with 17 objectives and 169 goals, which make up an action plan created to guide nations on the most sustainable path, by the year 2030
By considering reuse. 3.1 Water network without reuse (A) The diagram of water consumption without reuse considering total suspended solids (TSS) contaminant as the reference showed that the flow rate requirement for the papermaking is 100.8 kg/s for the TSS concentrations
Two water distribution networks were obtained based on the Water Source Diagram (WSD) procedure for maximum reuse scenario
Summary
The 2030 Agenda consists of a Declaration with 17 objectives and 169 goals, which make up an action plan created to guide nations on the most sustainable path, by the year 2030. One of the main issues to achieve these objectives is the improvement of resource use efficiencies by integrating various life supporting systems, in a such way that the wastes of one mankind activity can be used as inputs to others being beneficial to the system at all (Urbaniec, 2016). In this context, industries must be highlighted since they are great consumers of water for use as raw material or auxiliary input of production (Mierzwa & Hespanhol, 2005). An ecologically correct operation reduces the water capture costs, but increases the investment in technology and the value of the necessary inputs, which leads to an increase in the cost of the aqueous stream treatment (Souza et al, 2009)
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