Abstract
Water Retention Problem in the Mountain Areas: a Case of Sola River Flows, Polish Carpathians
Highlights
The water resources of rivers are analysed based on the information about the water flows (Mathison et al 2015, Wurbs and Kim 2011)
It is widely known that a large part of water resources originates in the mountains and that only the mountains supply the lowland areas with water, which are poorer in that respect
The flows in mountain rivers are usually highly variable, which results from a high share of surface runoff in the total outflow (Baran-Gurgul et al 2018, Stoffel et al 2016)
Summary
The water resources of rivers are analysed based on the information about the water flows (Mathison et al 2015, Wurbs and Kim 2011). The paper presents the analysis of the Sola river flows, in the Polish Carpathians, in the Beskids mountain range This is a region of high relief, where the intensification of the surface runoff is favoured on the natural side – apart from the land slope – by a poor water-bearing capacity of the bedrock (flysh geological structure) and by irregular precipitation supply (Dynowska 1991). The determination of characteristic flows and the recognition of the Sola river regime features based on the data from the water-gauge profile in the city of Zywiec, closing the upper section of its course, was the first objective of the paper. Pilsko is the highest point in the upper Sola drainage basin, while the lowest point is the studied ‘ZYWIEC’ water-gauge profile, situated at an altitude of 344 m a.s.l. The entire area has a high relief (mountains). The observation shows the summer freshets, occurring as a result of torrential or long-lasting rains are the problem, rather than the spring thaw freshets (from the snow cover melting)
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