Water Resources management in arid climates

Abstract

A methodology is presented for planning and managing water supply for metropolitan areas in arid climates where water resources are severely limited. The methodology proposed here is intended to lead to a thorough analysis (involving economic, social and environmetal considerations) of known alternative means of increasing water supplies or of reducing water demand, and to help select a least-cost mix of actions that will achieve a supply/demand balance for water throughout the selected planning period. The technique of cost-effectiveness analysis is recommended to help determine the optimum mix of strategies that will achieve the desired goal of matching water supply and demand at the least cost. “Cost” is used in a broad sense that involves a weighing, not only of economic costs, but also of social and environmental considerations. Because social, cultural and environmental considerations differ from one area to another, the best solution for one metropolitan area will not necessarily be best for another. Therefore, this methodology must be considered within the framework of overall community goals, i.e. the desires of the citizens with respect to growth, environment, and quality of life as well as adequate water supply.