Abstract
Water resources are the key factors affecting the sustainable development of inland river irrigation districts. The establishment of a water resources management model is helpful to realize the coordinated development of water, society, and ecology. Aiming at the contradiction of water use and ecological vulnerability, this study was based on the method of complex adaptive system (CAS) theory, and an agent-based modeling (ABM) method was adopted. Taking Huaitoutala irrigation district as the research object, a water resource management model considering ecological balance was established, with the water resources potentially tapping in the source area as an effective constraint. This study took 2016 as the datum year; the water consumption and comprehensive benefits of four water-saving irrigation scenarios in different characteristic years were simulated and optimized under the conditions of the current water supply and 10% and 15% potential water resources tapping. The results showed that the model considering the behavior and adaptability of the agent can well optimize and simulate the water use in the irrigation district. Under the application of water resources potential tapping and high-efficiency water-saving technology; the water utilization efficiency (WUE) of the irrigation area has been significantly improved. The comprehensive benefits of the irrigation district increased the proportion of ecological water, which was conducive to the sustainable development of the irrigation district and the ecological protection of inland rivers.
Highlights
Without water resources potential tapping, compared with flood irrigation and flat no-mulching, the total agricultural annual value increased by 78.6% in scenario 4 (Figure 6c)
Based on the theory of complex adaptive system (CAS), this paper described the internal model and adaptability of each agent, analyzed the interaction and feedback mechanism between each agent in detail, and used the multi-objective method to evaluate the state of the system
In the study of ecological water demand, without considering the social and economic benefits, the results are usually not accepted by other stakeholders and are difficult to be applied in the actual water resources management
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. After the large scale complex problem is decomposed into several relatively simple local objective problems by using the distributed control theory and distributed to several agents in the network, the ABM should be combined with the continuous watershed simulation model, to dynamically consider the effects of the actions taken by the agents on the quality and quantity of water resources and water demand, and establish rules that correspond to changing water demand and environmental issues [24,26,27]. Studied to encourage cooperation by providing incentives, penalties, and new regulations, dynamically considered the impact of actions taken by the agent on water quality, quantity, and water demand, and established the framework of water resource conflict management model based on the ABM [11].
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