Water quality monitoring and measuring physicochemical parameters using wireless sensor networks

Abstract

In a world grappling with the dire consequences of poor sanitation and inadequate water conditions, there is an urgent need for a comprehensive solution. The staggering statistics of over 400 million affected cases and 15–25 million lives lost worldwide underscore the gravity of the situation. This paper addresses this critical issue by introducing a novel approach to water quality monitoring that leverages wireless sensor networks. Traditional monitoring techniques have proven inefficient in combating the proactive contamination of water sources. These methods often involve the cumbersome grouping of various points within the distribution network, resulting in delayed outcomes, labour-intensive processes and a lack of real-time data. To overcome these limitations, this study presents a paradigm shift by employing wireless sensor networks as a viable alternative. Our proposed system boosts capability to measure a range of physicochemical parameters linked to water quality, including reductions in potential, conductivity, pH level, temperature and flow rate. By scrutinising these parameters, our sensors effectively detect water contaminants, enabling a proactive response to potential threats. To achieve this, we have meticulously designed and implemented sensors equipped with signal conditioning circuits. These sensors are seamlessly integrated into a network, with each node connected to a microcontroller responsible for data analysis and processing. This integration ensures real-time monitoring, the rapid detection of water quality deviations and swift response mechanisms.