Abstract
The water quality of rivers worldwide is of persistent interest due to its impact on human life. Five streamwater quality parameters of Suceava River were monitored in 2019 upstream and downstream of Suceava city, Romania: dissolved oxygen, specific conductivity, pH, oxidation-reduction potential, and temperature. Data was recorded at a high temporal frequency, every hour, and produced Water Quality Index (WQI) time series of similar resolution. Our additive WQI has variants with particular advantages. Water quality of Suceava city exhibits a diurnal cycle. Upstream, WQI values indicate a quasi-permanent good water quality; downstream, the water quality oscillates around the average WQI value because of the various sources of water contaminants, especially the wastewaters from the wastewater treatment plant. Parameters from this point source of pollution are taken into account to explain the decaying streamwater quality towards the end of 2019. WQI is useful for detecting time intervals when water self-purification events have a high chance of occurrence.
Highlights
Water quality of rivers is of high interest to scientists and communities alike
River are specific to those of urban waters impacted by cities
The advantage of the proposed water quality index (WQI) is that it is adjusted for an upstream–downstream pair of monitoring points centered on a city or a streamwater pollution source and provide WQI values relative to local water quality references
Summary
Water quality of rivers is of high interest to scientists and communities alike. The concern over streamwater quality in urban areas is even greater, given the fact that cities generate many wastewaters [1].River water quality is assessed for various purposes in many domains, ranging from economy to human health and ecology [2]. A water quality index (WQI) is a dimensionless number that aggregates the values of water quality parameters through a method that properly indicates the water quality [3]. Many methods to calculate WQI were proposed, depending on necessity and on the available water quality parameters [6,7,8,9,10]. There are four steps that can be involved in the process of creating a WQI: (a) choosing the water quality parameters (physical, chemical, biological); (b) combining the chosen parameters into sub-indices or converting them to a common scale; (c) attributing equal or inequal weights to the products of the previous step; (d) aggregation of the weighted elements into a final index, computed through various formulae [3]. Some of the most widely used WQIs are NSFWQI
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