Abstract
Rivers are vital and vulnerable freshwater systems that are critical for the sustenance of aquatic life and also the main resource for domestic, industrial and agricultural purpose. Godavari is one of the sacred river rises near the Trimbakeshwar in the district of Nasik in the Indian state of Maharashtra. The river is approximately 1,465 km long and has a total catchment area of 31 mha. It flows in the eastward direction through the states of Maharashtra and joins the Bay of Bengal in Andhra Pradesh. Godavari river is under the serious threat as a result of the growing urbanization and industrialization and river water is used for irrigation, drinking and domestic purpose. Therefore the water quality of Godavari river was assessed by determining physico-chemical parameters like pH, temperature, conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Hardness, Dissolved oxygen, Biological oxygen demand, Chemical oxygen demand, Phosphates, Sulphates and heavy metals like Na, K, Fe, Pb at three locations S1, S2 and S3 during winter, summer and monsoon seasons in the year Nov. 2008 to Oct. 2010. The standard deviation and coefficient correlation of physico-chemical parameters was also calculated. The variations observed in physico-chemical parameters of Godavari river water during the study period may be due to increased influx of sewage, domestic and agricultural wastes which may vary from simple nutrients to toxic and hazardous substances thus making the river water unfit for drinking and domestic purpose.
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