Abstract
We reveal an outstanding potential of water as an inexpensive, abundant and bio-friendly high-refractive-index material for creating tunable all-dielectric photonic structures and metamaterials. Specifically, we demonstrate thermal, mechanical and gravitational tunability of magnetic and electric resonances in a metamaterial consisting of periodically positioned water-filled reservoirs. The proposed water-based metamaterials can find applications not only as cheap and ecological microwave devices, but also in optical and terahertz metamaterials prototyping and educational lab equipment.
Highlights
All-dielectric metamaterials[1] are an attractive alternative to the resonant metal-based photonic structures due to smaller material losses
In this paper we demonstrate an outstanding potential of water as a building platform for inexpensive tunable all-dielectric electromagnetic metamaterials
Throughout the paper we consider normal incidence of an electromagnetic wave on a single layer of meta-atoms made of water, i.e., water-filled thin-walled containers made of low-ε low-loss dielectric
Summary
All-dielectric metamaterials[1] are an attractive alternative to the resonant metal-based photonic structures due to smaller material losses. “In a shadow” of these radio-frequency high-ε dielectrics (for example, barium strontium titanate), simpler materials, such as water with its relatively modest low-frequency Re(ε) ≈ 80 at room temperature, are often overlooked. Even though the real part of permittivity Re(ε) for water is relatively high (especially compared to the materials in the optical range), pure water is fairly lossy (the fact widely used for microwave cooking24), and the losses Im(ε) get further increased in presence of impurities ions. This has typically been viewed as a detriment to the use of water in a design of electromagnetic structures. It preserves its volume and takes the shape of its container, which opens up many possibilities www.nature.com/scientificreports/
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