Abstract
Water-induced degradation of lead zinc niobate–lead zirconate titanate(Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3–Pb(ZrTi)O3) softpiezoelectric ceramics is studied using electrochemical hydrogencharging, in which the silver electrodes of the piezoelectric ceramicsconstitute a cathode in 0.01-M NaOH solution to evolve hydrogen byelectrolysis of water. It is found that with the increasing hydrogencharging time, the resonance impedance increases, the differencebetween the resonance frequency and the anti-resonance frequencydecreases, the spontaneous polarization, the remanent polarization andthe piezoelectric coefficient d33 decrease. Thedegradation behaviour of the soft piezoelectric ceramics can beexplained to hydrogen incorporating into the lattice and forminghydroxy (OH−) bonds in the perovskite structure, which preventsthe Ti ions from switching and increases the coercive field Ec. Thedegradation characteristics of the soft piezoelectric ceramics are quitedifferent from that of lead zirconate titanate hard piezoelectric ceramics.
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