Abstract
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology is widely regarded as an important strategy to limit CO2 emissions from point sources, especially for coal-fired power plants. However, current CO2 capture technologies are energy-intensive and require substantial cooling capacities. The extensive deployment of CCS technology increases the energy and water stress in power sectors. This study considers a plant level nexus approach to assess the relationship between water, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions of four types of available post-combustion carbon capture power plants from life cycle perspective. It is found that the integration of CCS translates into an increase in life cycle primary energy demand (PED) by 21–46% and water resources depletion by 59–95% compared with the reference power plant with wet cooling tower system, where the membrane-based system exhibits the best performance. However, the life cycle GHG reduction rate reduced to 65%–70% at 90% capture rate. The life cycle energy and water cost of GHG mitigation were quantified as 3.06–7.32 kJ/kg CO2-eq and 1.72–3.00 kg/CO2-eq, respectively, demonstrating the presence of sharp trade-offs between GHG reductions and energy demand as well as water consumptions for carbon capture technologies.
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