Abstract
The water resources reduction due to climate changes and also population increase, have contributed to increasing the constraint on water disponibility and accessibility. In the agricultural field, we need moderate soil and water resources management. This work aims to simulate water dynamics in soil under drip irrigation system in arid regions to better manage irrigation water. Simulations are done with soil physical properties of Burkina Faso. We assess maize plant water requirements for the whole growing season. With Hydrus 2D, we simulate water supply in the soil column. We assign atmospheric conditions on the top of the domain, zero flux of water on the lateral sides, and free drainage on the bottom boundary domain. We perform many irrigation events to analyze wetting pattern distribution around the emitter, which allowed us to contain the amount of irrigation water applied, only around the area dominated by roots, and then reduce water losses that roots cannot uptake. According to the different growing stages of the maize crop, we choose proper irrigation duration and frequency, and suggest irrigation schedule for the whole growing season.
Highlights
The countries of sub-Saharan Africa like the other countries in the world face multiple problems linked to climate changes
The main objective of this study is to use Hydrus 2D to analyze water dynamics under drip irrigation in arid soil in Burkina Faso and guide farmers in the water management depending on the specific soil physical properties
The purpose of this study was to analyze water dynamics in soil under drip irrigation in arid zone and, to manage properly irrigation water according to soil physical properties
Summary
The countries of sub-Saharan Africa like the other countries in the world face multiple problems linked to climate changes. These problems are: rainfall modification, season shift and the increase of extreme meteorological events such as drought or flood in arid or semi-arid regions like Burkina Faso, which affect considerably water and soil resources. Drip irrigation technology can face the challenge [1] [2] It allows water and solute use more efficiently, reduces losses by allowing accurate supply of water and solutes in the crop base [3]. Several studies have shown the importance of numerical modeling to design and manage irrigation systems and ferti-irrigation too [5]-[18]
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