Abstract
We used the hydrodynamic model of the Caspian Sea, INMIO-CICE, to calculate equilibrium river runoff and evaporation from the sea surface over a wide range of sea levels (from –85 to +50 m asl) for different climatic conditions: the Last Glacial Maximum (about 21kyr) and pre-industrial climate (~1850 CE). Data from the climate model INMCM4.8 were used as boundary conditions. It was found that to maintain sea level at 35–50 m asl, corresponding to the maximum values of the Khvalynian transgression, a river runoff of about 400 km3/year was required in the Last Glacial Maximum. In the Last Glacial Maximum evaporation from the sea surface decreased by 105–170 mm (12–22%), and precipitation, according to the INMCM4.8 model, by 50–70 mm (15–30%). This caused the equilibrium runoff to decrease by about 10–20% compared to pre-industrial conditions. Smaller absolute and relative changes correspond to lower sea levels. The maximum decrease in evaporation occurred at 5 m asl.
Published Version
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