Abstract
To assess water and soil quality in the Western Ghats' coffee plantations, 66 water and 224 soil samples were collected at four locations for estimation 20 parameters in water and 16 parameters in soil samples. Principal component analysis as applied to a set of chemical data obtained by the laboratory analysis of water and soil. Study locations represented arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) plantations around 50 km2 from Chikkamagaluru town. PCA showed the interrelationship of water and soil parameters for four sampling locations. The clustering of sampling location results was due to the consequence and concentration of water and soil variables. The principal component bi-plot of phosphorous, conductivity, hardness, total dissolved solids, sulphate, magnesium, and alkalinity determined water quality factors. Heavy metals, nitrogen, and total phosphorous greatly influenced the quality of soil samples at different locations.
Highlights
Water and soil qualities are the two main factors in agriculture activities that play a significant role in agronomy growth and yield.[1]
Studies on ecology and agronomy are focused on the water and soil as they are significant in maintaining human health and ecosystem.[2]
Water Water quality affected by agricultural activities as a cause of pollution has been well studied.[22,23,24]
Summary
Water and soil qualities are the two main factors in agriculture activities that play a significant role in agronomy growth and yield.[1]. Unhygienic handling of farm animals and excessive pesticides and fertilizers, causing soil and water contamination, are some of the main concerns regarding water and soil quality degradation.[5,6]
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