Abstract
Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the root system of Conilon coffee (Coffea canephora) and Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) plants in the soil profile, using semivariograms. The evaluations were carried out in an area located in the municipality of Jaguaré, in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The Verdebrás G30/G35 Conilon coffee and the Catuaí Vermelho IAC 44 Arabica coffee cultivars were assessed. Soil monoliths with coffee plant roots were collected at three distances from the trunk in the planting row and at six distances from the trunk between rows, at six depths. The roots were collected and washed and then digitized and processed in the Safira software. The spatial variability of the evaluated attributes was characterized by the geostatistical technique, through semivariograms, using the GS+ 7.0 software. Root surface area, length, and volume were quantified for the two coffee species. Conilon coffee plants have a tendency of showing a root system with a smaller surface area, shorter length, and lower volume by volume of soil, as well as a less discrepant distribution on soil surface and in deeper layers, compared with Arabica coffee.
Highlights
Among coffee varieties, Arabica (Coffea arabica L.) and Conilon (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A.Froehner) coffee stand out as the most economically important
Conilon coffee plants have a tendency of showing a root system with a smaller surface area, shorter length, and lower volume by volume of soil, as well as a less discrepant distribution on soil surface and in deeper layers, compared with Arabica coffee
Conilon coffee is indigenous to the lowland forests of Equatorial Africa, in the Congo River Basin, and is currently cultivated in some central and western African countries, southeastern Asia, and South America
Summary
Arabica (Coffea arabica L.) and Conilon (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A.Froehner) coffee stand out as the most economically important. Arabica coffee represents about 63% of the coffee marketed worldwide. This species is indigenous to the highlands of Ethiopia, former Abyssinia, and is currently grown in the Americas, Africa, and Asia. Arabica coffee has a quality superior to that of the others, with marked aroma and sweet taste, and is widely consumed around the world, purely or in mixtures with other coffee species (Ribeiro et al, 2014). Conilon coffee is indigenous to the lowland forests of Equatorial Africa, in the Congo River Basin, and is currently cultivated in some central and western African countries, southeastern Asia, and South America. The main characteristics of most Conilon coffee genotypes are: tolerance to high temperatures, soil water uptake efficiency, stomatal control, and leaf area reduction to maintain perspiration (Pinheiro et al, 2004; Marraccini et al, 2012; Silva et al, 2013)
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