Abstract
ABSTRACT This study aims to conduct water accounting in the groundwater-depleted districts of Haryana and Punjab states, analysing the potential irrigation water savings achievable through implementing efficient management techniques in these selected districts. The study area encompasses Kaithal and Karnal districts in Haryana and Patiala and Sangrur districts in Punjab. A water availability assessment was carried out for the 2015 year. Water accounting results showed that there is a mismatch between the annual groundwater pumped and annual replenishable groundwater recharge available in all four districts and thus water management strategies need to be adopted to bring groundwater sustainability. Delaying rice transplanting from May 21 to June 15 can reduce crop water demand by 10.89%. Similarly, transplanting rice on June 15 can reduce water demand by 9.03, 6.23, 4.31, and 2.46% compared with transplanting on May 26, May 31, June 5, and June 10, respectively. Transitioning from a rice–wheat cropping system to a maize–wheat system can substantially decrease crop water demand. Replacing rice with maize can result in a 54.66% reduction in crop demand per hectare.
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