Abstract
Abstract An understanding of the nature of wastewater is fundamental to the design and operation of wastewater collection, treatment, and reuse facilities. Wastewater is characterized in terms of its physical, chemical, and biological composition. Greater emphasis is being placed on wastewater characterization because of its changing characteristics and the imposition of stricter limits on wastewater discharges that are used beneficially. Thorough characterization of wastewater in the design and optimization of biological treatment processes is increasingly important due to the advent of process modeling. Process modeling for activated sludge, as it is currently conceived, requires experimental assessment of kinetic and stoichiometric constants.
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